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Research Institutes
The organization of public research in France is structured around two main groups of bodies and institutions.
Research bodies including public institutions of a scientific and technical character (EPST), the personnel of which are civil servants: the CNRS for basic science, the INSERM for health, the INRA for agronomy are some examples. They also include public institutions of an industrial character (EPIC), the personnel of which are employees under private law, like the CEA for atomic energy and the CNES for space. France is characterized by these large organizations, of a general or specialized nature, and they are highly visible internationally. Institutions of Higher Education are institutions of a scientific, cultural and professional character, and have the exclusive right to award doctoral degrees.
Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST)
Research bodies including public institutions of a scientific and technical character (EPST), the personnel of which are civil servants: the CNRS for basic science, the INSERM for health, the INRA for agronomy are some examples. They also include public institutions of an industrial character (EPIC), the personnel of which are employees under private law, like the CEA for atomic energy and the CNES for space. France is characterized by these large organizations, of a general or specialized nature, and they are highly visible internationally. Institutions of Higher Education are institutions of a scientific, cultural and professional character, and have the exclusive right to award doctoral degrees.
Public Scientific and Technical Research Establishment (EPST)