Europe : "Marie Curie" and the People Programme

The Marie Curie Actions, under the FP7 People Programme, provides funds also for international mobility.
See : Marie Curie Actions

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International Incoming Fellowships (IIF)

Top-class researchers from Third Countries are welcome to work on projects in Europe. This helps to develop research cooperation between Europe and other parts of the world – to everybody’s benefit.
International Incoming Fellowships (IIFs) are a Marie Curie Action specially designed to encourage these moves.
See : http://ec.europa.eu/research/fp7/understanding/marie-curieinbrief/world-europe_en.html

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COFUND

This Marie Curie Action co-funds regional, national and international fellowship programmes for research training and career development.
Researchers (at least 4 years of research experience or be holders of a doctorate) who receive such grants are considered as Marie Curie Fellows.
Funding organisations (research agencies, international organisations or other bodies with a public mission, including universities) execute COFUND programmes independently from the European Commission.
Consult the list of open calls : http://ec.europa.eu/research/participants/portal/page/cofund#Where